See -chi on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "akz",
"2": "nai-mus-pro",
"3": "*-či",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Muskogean *-či",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "akz",
"2": "nai-mus-pro",
"3": "*-či"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Muskogean *-či",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Muskogean *-či.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "akz",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "particles"
},
"expansion": "-chi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Alabama",
"lang_code": "akz",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 10 14 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Alabama entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 2 14 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Alabama particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 2 16 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Alabama pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 2 6 16 18 4 3 2 2 2 7 12 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 1 6 18 20 5 1 1 1 1 4 13 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Causative verb suffix."
],
"id": "en--chi-akz-suffix-akz:causative_verb_suffix",
"links": [
[
"Causative",
"causative#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"akz:causative verb suffix"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-chi"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "akz",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "particles"
},
"expansion": "-chi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Alabama",
"lang_code": "akz",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A frequentative verb suffix."
],
"id": "en--chi-akz-suffix-AB4-6OMr",
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "somewhat productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(somewhat productive) A frequentative verb suffix."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Redundant verb suffix to mark plurality on other words whose pluralities are already indicated."
],
"id": "en--chi-akz-suffix-U~iP6Aeu",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-chi"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "akz",
"2": "-chi-",
"pos1": "second-person interfix"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -chi- (second-person interfix)",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Doublet of -chi- (second-person interfix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "akz",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "particles",
"cat3": "pronouns"
},
"expansion": "-chi",
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}
],
"lang": "Alabama",
"lang_code": "akz",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 2 6 16 18 4 3 2 2 2 7 12 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 1 6 18 20 5 1 1 1 1 4 13 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Second-person singular control verb suffix, used for verbs that end with either two vowels, a vowel followed by a consonant, or vowel-consonant-vowel."
],
"id": "en--chi-akz-suffix-c8bOakPM",
"links": [
[
"Second-person",
"second-person#English"
],
[
"singular",
"singular#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-chi"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cic",
"2": "nai-mus-pro",
"3": "*-či"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Muskogean *-či",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cho",
"2": "-chi"
},
"expansion": "Choctaw -chi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "akz",
"2": "-chi"
},
"expansion": "Alabama -chi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cku",
"2": "-chi"
},
"expansion": "Koasati -chi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nai-hit",
"2": "-či"
},
"expansion": "Hitchiti -či",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mik",
"2": "-či"
},
"expansion": "Mikasuki -či",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mus",
"2": "-ce"
},
"expansion": "Creek -ce",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Muskogean *-či. Compare Choctaw -chi, Alabama -chi, Koasati -chi, Hitchiti -či, Mikasuki -či, Creek -ce.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-chichi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cic",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "particles"
},
"expansion": "-chi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chickasaw",
"lang_code": "cic",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "22 2 6 16 18 4 3 2 2 2 7 12 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 1 6 18 20 5 1 1 1 1 4 13 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chickasaw entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chickasaw particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Causative verb suffix; increases the verb valence by one"
],
"id": "en--chi-cic-suffix-cic:causative_verb_suffix",
"links": [
[
"Causative",
"causative#English"
],
[
"valence",
"valence#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"cic:causative verb suffix"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃi/"
}
],
"word": "-chi"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cic",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-chi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chickasaw",
"lang_code": "cic",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "dubitative verb suffix",
"word": "-hchi"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -hchi (dubitative verb suffix)"
],
"id": "en--chi-cic-suffix-5DSHzn4f",
"links": [
[
"-hchi",
"-hchi#Chickasaw"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃi/"
}
],
"word": "-chi"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cho",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-chi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Choctaw",
"lang_code": "cho",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "62 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Choctaw entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "nowali (“I walk”) → nowachili (“I make him walk”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Increases a verbs valency by one"
],
"id": "en--chi-cho-suffix-Z~N5qUdW",
"links": [
[
"causative",
"causative"
],
[
"valency",
"valency#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(causative suffix) Increases a verbs valency by one"
],
"tags": [
"causative",
"morpheme",
"suffix"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "nowachili (“I make him walk”) → nowachilichi (“I'm not sufe if I make him walk”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"expresses doubt or uncertainty"
],
"id": "en--chi-cho-suffix-y0oYay05",
"links": [
[
"dubitative",
"dubitative"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dubitative suffix) expresses doubt or uncertainty"
],
"tags": [
"dubitative",
"morpheme",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"word": "-chi"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grt",
"2": "affix"
},
"expansion": "-chi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Garo",
"lang_code": "grt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Garo affixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the instrumental case"
],
"id": "en--chi-grt-suffix-9KyZuBVI",
"links": [
[
"instrumental",
"instrumental#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "inflectional suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(inflectional suffix) forms the instrumental case"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-chi"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grt",
"2": "affix"
},
"expansion": "-chi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Garo",
"lang_code": "grt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Garo affixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms the locative case"
],
"id": "en--chi-grt-suffix-PGE2HBJ5",
"links": [
[
"locative",
"locative#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "inflectional suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(inflectional suffix) forms the locative case"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-chi"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grt",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-chi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Garo",
"lang_code": "grt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 7 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Garo entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form female Garo names."
],
"id": "en--chi-grt-suffix-622JpZX~",
"related": [
{
"english": "forms genitive",
"translation": "forms genitive",
"word": "-ni"
},
{
"english": "forms dative",
"translation": "forms dative",
"word": "-na"
},
{
"english": "forms comitative",
"translation": "forms comitative",
"word": "-ming"
},
{
"english": "forms locative",
"translation": "forms locative",
"word": "-no"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-chi"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "-chi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ち"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rōmaji transcription of ち"
],
"id": "en--chi-ja-romanization-ALAWX8ss",
"links": [
[
"Rōmaji",
"romaji"
],
[
"ち",
"ち#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"Rōmaji",
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "-chi"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-tsi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-chi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Quechua links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "22 2 6 16 18 4 3 2 2 2 7 12 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 1 6 18 20 5 1 1 1 1 4 13 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Quechua entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "llamkay (“to work”) → llamkachiy (“to make one work”)"
},
{
"text": "yachay (“to learn”) → yachachiy (“to teach”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Derivational suffix, causative. To make someone do something; to let or allow something."
],
"id": "en--chi-qu-suffix-5WbFuF7o",
"links": [
[
"causative",
"causative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-chi"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-shi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tri",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-chi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to indicate a putative or conjectural statement."
],
"id": "en--chi-qu-suffix-ZxbKks5x",
"links": [
[
"putative",
"putative#English"
],
[
"conjectural",
"conjecture#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-cha"
},
{
"word": "-chá"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-chi"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "unm",
"2": "alg-pro",
"3": "*-čyi",
"4": "",
"5": "animal feces",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Algonquian *-čyi (“animal feces”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "unm",
"2": "alg-pro",
"3": "*-čyi",
"t": "animal feces"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Algonquian *-čyi (“animal feces”)",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Algonquian *-čyi (“animal feces”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "unm",
"2": "root"
},
"expansion": "-chi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Unami",
"lang_code": "unm",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Unami entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Unami roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "unm",
"name": "Feces",
"orig": "unm:Feces",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Animal feces; dung, manure."
],
"id": "en--chi-unm-root-~LYPdt6p",
"links": [
[
"Animal",
"animal"
],
[
"feces",
"feces"
],
[
"dung",
"dung"
],
[
"manure",
"manure"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃiː/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iː"
}
],
"word": "-chi"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-či",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-či",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-či"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-či",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-či.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-chi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Uzbek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Profession suffix."
],
"id": "en--chi-uz-suffix-0fyqegYV",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Afghan Uzbek"
]
}
],
"word": "-chi"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pib",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-chi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yine",
"lang_code": "pib",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yine entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix applied to naturally possessed nouns to depossess them; that is, to indicate that they are not, in fact, possessed"
],
"id": "en--chi-pib-suffix-ONcsX5P3",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-chi"
}
{
"categories": [
"Alabama doublets",
"Alabama entries with incorrect language header",
"Alabama lemmas",
"Alabama particles",
"Alabama pronouns",
"Alabama suffixes",
"Alabama terms derived from Proto-Muskogean",
"Alabama terms inherited from Proto-Muskogean",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "nai-mus-pro",
"3": "*-či",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Muskogean *-či",
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},
{
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"3": "*-či"
},
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"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Muskogean *-či.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "akz",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "particles"
},
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"name": "head"
}
],
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"lang_code": "akz",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Causative verb suffix."
],
"links": [
[
"Causative",
"causative#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"akz:causative verb suffix"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-chi"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Alabama entries with incorrect language header",
"Alabama lemmas",
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"Alabama suffixes",
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"Pages with entries"
],
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"head_templates": [
{
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},
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"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Alabama",
"lang_code": "akz",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A frequentative verb suffix."
],
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
]
],
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"raw_glosses": [
"(somewhat productive) A frequentative verb suffix."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Redundant verb suffix to mark plurality on other words whose pluralities are already indicated."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-chi"
}
{
"categories": [
"Alabama doublets",
"Alabama entries with incorrect language header",
"Alabama lemmas",
"Alabama particles",
"Alabama pronouns",
"Alabama suffixes",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "akz",
"2": "-chi-",
"pos1": "second-person interfix"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of -chi- (second-person interfix)",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Doublet of -chi- (second-person interfix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "akz",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "particles",
"cat3": "pronouns"
},
"expansion": "-chi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Alabama",
"lang_code": "akz",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Second-person singular control verb suffix, used for verbs that end with either two vowels, a vowel followed by a consonant, or vowel-consonant-vowel."
],
"links": [
[
"Second-person",
"second-person#English"
],
[
"singular",
"singular#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-chi"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chickasaw entries with incorrect language header",
"Chickasaw lemmas",
"Chickasaw particles",
"Chickasaw suffixes",
"Chickasaw terms derived from Proto-Muskogean",
"Chickasaw terms inherited from Proto-Muskogean",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cic",
"2": "nai-mus-pro",
"3": "*-či"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Muskogean *-či",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cho",
"2": "-chi"
},
"expansion": "Choctaw -chi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "akz",
"2": "-chi"
},
"expansion": "Alabama -chi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cku",
"2": "-chi"
},
"expansion": "Koasati -chi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nai-hit",
"2": "-či"
},
"expansion": "Hitchiti -či",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mik",
"2": "-či"
},
"expansion": "Mikasuki -či",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mus",
"2": "-ce"
},
"expansion": "Creek -ce",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Muskogean *-či. Compare Choctaw -chi, Alabama -chi, Koasati -chi, Hitchiti -či, Mikasuki -či, Creek -ce.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-chichi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cic",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "particles"
},
"expansion": "-chi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chickasaw",
"lang_code": "cic",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix"
],
"glosses": [
"Causative verb suffix; increases the verb valence by one"
],
"links": [
[
"Causative",
"causative#English"
],
[
"valence",
"valence#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"cic:causative verb suffix"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃi/"
}
],
"word": "-chi"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chickasaw entries with incorrect language header",
"Chickasaw lemmas",
"Chickasaw suffixes",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cic",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-chi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chickasaw",
"lang_code": "cic",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "dubitative verb suffix",
"word": "-hchi"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -hchi (dubitative verb suffix)"
],
"links": [
[
"-hchi",
"-hchi#Chickasaw"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃi/"
}
],
"word": "-chi"
}
{
"categories": [
"Choctaw entries with incorrect language header",
"Choctaw lemmas",
"Choctaw suffixes",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cho",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-chi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Choctaw",
"lang_code": "cho",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "nowali (“I walk”) → nowachili (“I make him walk”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Increases a verbs valency by one"
],
"links": [
[
"causative",
"causative"
],
[
"valency",
"valency#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(causative suffix) Increases a verbs valency by one"
],
"tags": [
"causative",
"morpheme",
"suffix"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "nowachili (“I make him walk”) → nowachilichi (“I'm not sufe if I make him walk”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"expresses doubt or uncertainty"
],
"links": [
[
"dubitative",
"dubitative"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dubitative suffix) expresses doubt or uncertainty"
],
"tags": [
"dubitative",
"morpheme",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"word": "-chi"
}
{
"categories": [
"Garo affixes",
"Garo entries with incorrect language header",
"Garo lemmas",
"Garo suffixes",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grt",
"2": "affix"
},
"expansion": "-chi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Garo",
"lang_code": "grt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forms the instrumental case"
],
"links": [
[
"instrumental",
"instrumental#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "inflectional suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(inflectional suffix) forms the instrumental case"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-chi"
}
{
"categories": [
"Garo affixes",
"Garo entries with incorrect language header",
"Garo lemmas",
"Garo suffixes",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grt",
"2": "affix"
},
"expansion": "-chi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Garo",
"lang_code": "grt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"forms the locative case"
],
"links": [
[
"locative",
"locative#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "inflectional suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(inflectional suffix) forms the locative case"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-chi"
}
{
"categories": [
"Garo entries with incorrect language header",
"Garo lemmas",
"Garo suffixes",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grt",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-chi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Garo",
"lang_code": "grt",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"english": "forms genitive",
"translation": "forms genitive",
"word": "-ni"
},
{
"english": "forms dative",
"translation": "forms dative",
"word": "-na"
},
{
"english": "forms comitative",
"translation": "forms comitative",
"word": "-ming"
},
{
"english": "forms locative",
"translation": "forms locative",
"word": "-no"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"used to form female Garo names."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-chi"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "-chi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ち"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese non-lemma forms",
"Japanese romanizations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Rōmaji transcription of ち"
],
"links": [
[
"Rōmaji",
"romaji"
],
[
"ち",
"ち#Japanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"Rōmaji",
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "-chi"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Quechua entries with incorrect language header",
"Quechua lemmas",
"Quechua suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-tsi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-chi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Quechua links with redundant target parameters"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "llamkay (“to work”) → llamkachiy (“to make one work”)"
},
{
"text": "yachay (“to learn”) → yachachiy (“to teach”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Derivational suffix, causative. To make someone do something; to let or allow something."
],
"links": [
[
"causative",
"causative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-chi"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Quechua entries with incorrect language header",
"Quechua lemmas",
"Quechua suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-shi",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tri",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-chi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-cha"
},
{
"word": "-chá"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to indicate a putative or conjectural statement."
],
"links": [
[
"putative",
"putative#English"
],
[
"conjectural",
"conjecture#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-chi"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "unm",
"2": "alg-pro",
"3": "*-čyi",
"4": "",
"5": "animal feces",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Algonquian *-čyi (“animal feces”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "unm",
"2": "alg-pro",
"3": "*-čyi",
"t": "animal feces"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Algonquian *-čyi (“animal feces”)",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Algonquian *-čyi (“animal feces”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "unm",
"2": "root"
},
"expansion": "-chi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Unami",
"lang_code": "unm",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Unami/iː",
"Rhymes:Unami/iː/1 syllable",
"Unami entries with incorrect language header",
"Unami lemmas",
"Unami roots",
"Unami terms derived from Proto-Algonquian",
"Unami terms inherited from Proto-Algonquian",
"unm:Feces"
],
"glosses": [
"Animal feces; dung, manure."
],
"links": [
[
"Animal",
"animal"
],
[
"feces",
"feces"
],
[
"dung",
"dung"
],
[
"manure",
"manure"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃiː/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iː"
}
],
"word": "-chi"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-či",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-či",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-či"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-či",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-či.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-chi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Uzbek entries with incorrect language header",
"Uzbek lemmas",
"Uzbek suffixes",
"Uzbek terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Uzbek terms inherited from Proto-Turkic"
],
"glosses": [
"Profession suffix."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Afghan Uzbek"
]
}
],
"word": "-chi"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pib",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-chi",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Yine",
"lang_code": "pib",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Yine entries with incorrect language header",
"Yine lemmas",
"Yine suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"suffix applied to naturally possessed nouns to depossess them; that is, to indicate that they are not, in fact, possessed"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-chi"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -chi meaning in All languages combined (13.0kB)
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"subsection": "",
"title": "-chi",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 16653501<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Wed, 22 Apr 2026 10:33:02 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"-chi",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "Chickasaw",
"subsection": "",
"title": "-chi",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 29131399<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Wed, 22 Apr 2026 10:33:58 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"-chi",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "Chickasaw",
"subsection": "",
"title": "-chi",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 23301447<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Wed, 22 Apr 2026 10:34:53 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"-chi",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "Chickasaw",
"subsection": "",
"title": "-chi",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 17447954<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Wed, 22 Apr 2026 10:35:48 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
{
"called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
"msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
"path": [
"-chi",
"Template:cog",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:Module:etymology/templates:cognate()"
],
"section": "Chickasaw",
"subsection": "",
"title": "-chi",
"trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n a { color: #9e9eff; }\n body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 1066000<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Wed, 22 Apr 2026 10:36:43 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-04-01 using wiktextract (7de0cf9 and 9452535). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.